IGMPv2 enhancements
Backwards-compatible with IGMPv1, IGMPv2 has introduced a querier election mechanism and a leave-group mechanism.
Querier election mechanism
In IGMPv1, the DR elected by the Layer 3 multicast routing protocol (such as PIM) acts as the querier.
IGMPv2 introduced an independent querier election mechanism. The querier election process is as follows:
Initially, every IGMPv2 router assumes itself to be the querier. Each router sends IGMP general query messages (called general queries) to all hosts and routers on the local subnet. The destination address is 224.0.0.1.
After receiving a general query, every IGMPv2 router compares the source IP address of the query with its own interface address. The router with the lowest IP address becomes the querier. All the other IGMPv2 routers become non-queriers.
All the non-queriers start the other querier present timer. If a router receives an IGMP query from the querier before the timer expires, it resets this timer. Otherwise, the router considers that the querier has timed out. In this case, the router initiates a new querier election process.
"Leave group" mechanism
In IGMPv1, when a host leaves a multicast group, it does not send any notification to the multicast routers. The multicast routers determine whether a group has members by using the maximum response time. This adds to the leave latency.
In IGMPv2, when a host is leaving a multicast group, the following process occurs:
The host sends a leave message to all routers on the local subnet. The destination address of leave messages is 224.0.0.2.
After receiving the leave message, the querier sends a configurable number of IGMP group-specific queries to the group that the host is leaving. Both the destination address field and the group address field of the message are the address of the multicast group that is being queried.
One of the remaining members (if any on the subnet) in the group should send a report within the maximum response time advertised in the group-specific queries.
If the querier receives a report for the group before the maximum response timer expires, it maintains the memberships for the group. Otherwise, the querier assumes that the local subnet has no member hosts for the group and stops maintaining the memberships for the group.